Dc Arc Smelter History

Fundamental Aspects of Alloy Smelting in a DC Arc …

The DC arc furnace has been modelled electrically as an arc in series with a layer of slag. The voltage is non-linear with respect to the current. Equations have been developed (and confirmed by measurement) to describe how the arc voltage varies as a …

(PDF) FEASIBILITY OF FLUXLESS SMELTING OF …

A DC open-arc furnace allows for optimization and choice of chemistry to benefit the process, rather than being constrained by the electrical or physical properties of the material.

Cr(VI) in Ferrochrome Smelter Dusts from Pilot-Scale DC Arc …

PDF | On Jan 1, 2020, Eleanor J. Berryman and others published Cr(VI) in Ferrochrome Smelter Dusts from Pilot-Scale DC Arc Furnace | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate

DC Arc Furnaces — Past, Present, and Future | SpringerLink

DC arc furnaces were first used industrially for the reductive smelting of chromite fines to produce ferrochromium thirty years ago. Since then, they have been used for a variety of applications, including the smelting of ilmenite to produce titania slag and pig...

DC Arc Furnaces — Past, Present, and Future

A review is presented of various DC arc furnaces in use, along with a discussion of the likely ways in which furnace power might be increased further in the future. DC arc furnaces were first used industrially for the reductive smelting of chromite fines to produce ferrochromium thirty years ago.

Fundamental Aspects of Alloy Smelting in a DC Arc …

The DC arc furnace has been modelled electrically as an arc in series with a layer of slag. The voltage is non-linear with respect to the current. Equations have been developed …

DC arc furnaces – The story of a successful South African …

DC arc furnaces for melting metals date back to 1878 •Sir William Siemens used a DC arc furnace in 1878 with a vertical graphite cathode, with the arc transferred to the melt in contact with a water-cooled bottom anode

DC ARC FURNACES – PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE

DC ARC FURNACES – PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE Rodney T. Jones Mintek; 200 Malibongwe Drive, Private Bag X3015, Randburg, 2125, South Africa Keywords: Pyrometallurgy, DC arc furnace, electric arc, smelting Abstract DC arc furnaces were first used industrially for the reductive smelting of chromite fines to produce ferrochromium thirty years ago.

(PDF) Generation and Capture of Ferrochrome Smelter

Dusts generated during ferrochrome smelting in a pilot-scale DC arc furnace were sampled from the furnace freeboard and from the off-gas handling stream (cyclone and baghouse).

The Submerged Arc Furnace (SAF): State-of-the-Art Metal

The submerged electric arc furnace (SAF) has proven a versatile unit in numerous metallurgical applications for more than a century. Countless innovations have made this furnace type become the most commonly used furnace for increased metal recoveries and slag-cleaning operations. In many applications, SAFs are also employed as primary melting units (e.g., Ni …

DC ARC Furnaces — Past, Present, and Future

Introduction and History. Some Past and Current Applications of DC Arc Furnaces. Present. Future. Conclusions. Acknowledgements

The dual-electrode DC arc furnace–

The dual-electrode DC arc furnace– modelling insights by Q.G. Reynolds* Synopsis The dual-electrode direct current (DC) arc furnace uses two graphite electrodes, one connected as cathode and one as anode. Such an arrangement avoids some of the design difficulties associated with the anode hearth traditionally used in single-electrode and twin-

DC ARC Furnaces

Based on the successful operation of the DC arc furnace for chromite smelting at Krugersdorp, Middelburg Ferrochrome (now part of Samancor Chrome) built a 44 MW (62 MVA) DC arc furnace, the largest of its type, in Middelburg in 1997.

Rectangular furnace design and revolutionary DC-slag …

History of the submerged arc furnace For more than 100 years SMS Demag played a significant role in the development of the submerged arc furnace and electric smelter technology. During the past century, the submerged arc furnace has ... DC …

AC- AND DC- SMELTER TECHNOLOGY FOR FERROUS …

DEMAG, for the last century a major supplier to the iron and steel industry started with the construction of the first submerged arc furnace in 1905 [1]. The 1,5 MVA unit was installed in Horst Ruhr/Germany for the production of calcium carbide and …

Smelting applications of DC furnaces

DC arc furnace technology was first used for smelting applications in the mid 1980s, and has subsequently been applied industrially to the smelting of chromite for the production of ferrochromium, the smelting of ilmenite to produce titania slag and pig iron, and the recovery of cobalt from non-ferrous smelter slags. Newer applications of this

Application potential of DC smelter technology for the …

APPLICATION POTENTIAL OF DC SMELTER TECHNOLOGY FOR THE PLATINUM INDUSTRY 247 SMS Siemag's history in smelter technology ... and steel industry, started with the construction of the first submerged arc furnace in 19051. The 1.5 MVA unit was installed in Horst Ruhr/Germany for the production of calcium carbide, was successfully commissioned in ...

Low cost ferroalloy extraction in DC-arc

commissioned a new ferrochrome smelter in March 2009. This is a 60 MW DC-arc furnace with a DC power supply for the smelting of Transvaal chromite ore fines. With the benefit of 12 years' experience with this technology while operating a 44 MW DC-arc furnace, MFC mitigated all known challenges and considered up-scaling risk in the new plant ...

Outotec DC Smelting

Outotec has a long history of success in project deliveries. Our vastly experienced personnel and harmonized ... The Outotec DC (Direct Current) Smelting Furnace is a cost-efficient, sustainable, and compact solution for ferroalloy processing. ... • Smelting energy supplied by open plasma arc • Raw material reduced at high ...

(PDF) DC ARC Furnaces

2011. DC arc furnaces are widely used for steel scrap melting as well as for reductive smelting of ore fines. Industrial smelting applications include the smelting of chromite to produce ferrochromium, the smelting of ilmenite to produce titania slag and pig iron, and the recovery of cobalt from non-ferrous smelter slags.

DC arc furnaces – The story of a successful South African …

DC arc furnaces for melting metals date back to 1878 •Sir William Siemens used a DC arc furnace in 1878 with a vertical graphite cathode, with the arc transferred to the melt in contact …

The History of DC Arc Furnace Process …

DC Arc Furnaces — Past, Present, and Future | SpringerLink

DC arc furnaces were first used industrially for the reductive smelting of chromite fines to produce ferrochromium thirty years ago. Since then, they have been used for a variety …

(PDF) Development in the design and construction of DC arc smelting

This is the approach taken in direct current arc smelting furnaces where the electrode for a 60 MW system is a graphite rod 60 cm in diameter supported by a hydraulically operated mechanical arm ...

DC Arc Furnaces — Past, Present, and Future

DC arc furnaces were first used industrially for the reductive smelting of chromite fines to produce ferrochromium thirty years ago. Since then, they have been used for a variety …

DC ARC FURNACES – PAST, PRESENT, AND FUTURE

The first industrial application of a DC arc furnace for smelting came about when Middelburg Steel & Alloys converted an existing AC furnace at Palmiet Ferrochrome (now Mogale Alloys) in Krugersdorp to a 12 MW DC arc furnace of ASEA design in 1984.

DC Arc Furnaces — Past, Present, and Future

A review is presented of various DC arc furnaces in use, along with a discussion of the likely ways in which furnace power might be increased further in the future. DC arc furnaces were first …

Application potential of DC smelter technology for …

The History of DC Arc Furnace Process Development

Council for Mineral Technology The History of DC Arc Furnace Process Development June 2009 TR Curr Manager, Pyrometallurgy, Mintek ELECTRIC FURNACES • Evolved from late 1880's • By early 1970's there were three basic types - Slag resistance - Open-arc - Submerged-arc • All using graphite electrodes • Note: induction and muffle ...